Is your dog or cat getting old? Simple, science-backed ways to help them live longer and happier

As pets live longer than ever before, ageing has become a shared journey for animals and their owners. Advances in veterinary science and better awareness mean dogs and cats today enjoy longer lifespans, with cats and dogs living well into their senior years. But longevity alone is no longer the goal. The real focus is on helping pets age comfortably, with dignity, good health and emotional wellbeing.

Ageing looks different for every pet. Cats are generally considered old from around 10 years of age, progressing through mature, senior and super-senior stages. Dogs age more unevenly, largely depending on size. Smaller dogs may not be considered senior until seven or eight years, while medium and large breeds often enter old age earlier, sometimes around six. Reaching this stage does not mean decline is inevitable—it simply signals the need for closer attention and thoughtful care.

Healthy ageing does not mean the absence of all physical changes. Greying fur, slightly duller senses, thinner skin or mild dental tartar are often normal and do not necessarily reduce quality of life. However, problems such as difficulty moving, struggling to reach food or water, disorientation inside the home, or sudden behaviour changes should never be dismissed as “just old age.” These signs may indicate pain, cognitive changes or illness and require veterinary advice.

Veterinary experts increasingly use the concept of “frailty” to assess ageing pets. Frail animals are more vulnerable to disease but, importantly, early detection allows interventions that can slow decline and improve comfort. Regular screening plays a vital role in this process.

At home, small adjustments can make a big difference. Older pets benefit from easy access to essentials like food, water, litter trays and resting spots. Low-entry litter boxes, raised bowls, firm cushions, ramps or steps to favourite spots can reduce strain on ageing joints. Creating multiple feeding or resting areas also helps pets move less and feel more secure.

Mental and physical stimulation remain essential but should be adapted. Gentle games, short training sessions and age-appropriate puzzle feeders can keep the brain active without causing frustration or pain. Walks may be shorter, but access to the outdoors should continue, with supportive harnesses or carry bags used when needed.

Nutrition becomes especially important with age. Senior pets need highly digestible food that supports muscle mass and appeals to reduced appetites. Raw diets are generally discouraged for older animals due to mineral imbalances and infection risks. A mix of wet and dry food, or carefully prepared cooked meals, often works well. Simply warming food slightly can make it more tempting.

Regular veterinary check-ups are essential in later life. Ideally starting at the onset of old age, these visits help track gradual changes and catch problems early. The ultimate aim is not just to extend life, but to ensure those extra years are comfortable, engaging and filled with the companionship pets share so generously with their humans.